Genetic Testing
What is Genetic Testing?
DNA testing is another name of Genetic testing which helps in the identification of changes in DNA sequence or the structure of the chromosome. It helps with measuring the changes in genes like analysis of RNA because of gene expression or measuring specific protein output by biochemical analysis. The medical test which helps in identifying the changes in chromosome, proteins, and genes, is genetic testing.
The confirmation of the suspected genetic condition comes from the result of a genetic test, which also determines the chance of developing and passing any disorder in the future. In the current time, there are many such tests available and some are still developing.
Everything You Need to Know About Genetic Testing
Role | Why is Done | Types | Preparing | Risks and Concerns | Results | Positive Results
Role of Genetic Testing
In the medical field, doctors recommend diagnosing genetic disorders through genetic testing. It helps them to predict the risks and also in gaining information that can help them in customizing medical treatment. Some also use this procedure to know about biological relatives like the mother and father of the child and the ancestry of the individual.
DNA paternity testing helps in this. This is also the same for the genetic testing of animals and plants and helps in gaining information about a selective breed.
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Why is genetic testing done?
There are some reasons for doing genetic tests. These are as follows:
- By doing this test, one gets to know if he has any genetic condition which can pass to your family. One can get to know about it before having the symptoms.
- One can learn about the pregnancy which can have a genetic condition.
- The genetic test can determine the genetic condition the person with symptoms is suffering from.
- It also guides the prevention or treatment plan for cancer.
- When you get to know about the problem properly, you can decide what is right and wrong for you.
Different types of genetic testing
A single genetic test cannot detect all the conditions of genes. The basis of it is the medical history of the family of an individual and the condition for which he is getting tested.
- Single gene testing– It can test changes in one gene. Doctors recommend this test for the person who has symptoms of a specific condition or syndrome and her child as well. For example- sickle cell disease. They also use it for a known genetic mutation in a family.
- Panel testing– It can test changes in several genes in one test. This is based on different kinds of medical conditions. This can have an association with the high chance of developing cancers like colorectal and breast cancer.
- Large-scale genetic or genomic testing– Two different kinds of large-scale genetic tests are Whole-genome sequencing and Exome sequencing.
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- Whole-genome Sequencing: Genome tests the whole DNA of a person as it is the largest genetic test and the latter tests only the genes related to a medical condition. Doctors recommend these tests for people who have complex medical histories.
- Exome Sequencing: The exome makes up only 1.5% of the whole human genome, however, all protein-coding genes are found in the exome. A large number of genetic disorders are related to mutations in protein-coding genes, most of the physicians and scientists that use sequencing technologies for diagnosing start with exome analysis. Exome sequencing and its analysis take less time as compared to whole-genome sequencing that too less than half the cost.
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How you prepare
Knowing about the medical history of your family is important for doing genetic testing. Then, you need to visit a fertility expert doctor to discuss medical history to learn about the risks. You can share your concerns about the genetic testing with the doctors and the rest depends on your test result.
You can discuss your decision about having genetic testing with your family. It will help you to understand your family’s response after you test it. Every health insurance policy generally does not pay for this test. You need to consult your insurance provider to cover it with the policy.
Risks and Concerns
In general, there may be physical risks related to genetic tests. There is no risk in blood and cheek swabs. If one wants to do an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, there is less than one percent risk of loss of pregnancy. It also includes concerns about family and emotions as to how everyone takes once they come to know about the condition. You should need to discuss all these risks with your genetic counsellor or doctor.
Results
The duration of receiving the test results mainly depends on the health care facility and it also depends on the type of test you are having. Before doing the tests, you need to discuss the expected time to get the result with your medical geneticist or genetic counselor.
Positive results
The positive result of genetic testing indicates the detection of the genetic change and the negative result indicates the test could not detect the mutated gene. The negative can reassure you that you do not have this disorder but cannot guarantee. There are variations in the appearance of genes that don’t affect health. But it becomes tough sometimes in case of differentiating between harmful and harmless genes. These changes are variants of uncertain significance. For them, follow-up testing is necessary.
Conclusion
Various genetic tests exist throughout the years. The 1950s is the beginning of the early form of genetic testing. They used to take the count of chromosomes number per cell with the help of this process. Any difference in the expected chromosome number can cause some genetic conditions like monosomy X and trisomy 21. The development of chromosome banding which is a method of staining specific chromosome regions, allowed to analyze the structure and genetic disorder of chromosome.
Besides, genetic testing includes the fields of genomes and molecular genetics in case of identifying the changes of individual genes, single nucleotides, or genes’ parts. National Institute of Health says that there are more than two thousand genetic conditions for which the tests are available.
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It was such a nice experience with Dr. Gunjan and how she tackle our case. I must recommend this clinic as one of the best IVF clinic in Delhi-NCR. Thanks to Dr. Gunjan to give me my motherhood.
Nitesh Kumar Thakur
Gunjan IVF World in Indirapuram, Ghaziabad is the best hospital for surrogacy and ivf services in Delhi-NCR. Dr. Gunjan Gupta is founder and director of Gunjan IVF World. Gunjan IVF is the best ivf center in Indirapuram , Ghaziabad. Treatments at affordable prices.
Akansh Garg
Dr gunjan gupta is one of best gyne in delhi ncr especially in ghaziabad she explains each n everything very clearly to avoid any confusion. staff is very supportive n helpful.
Manisha Pathak
Went for treatment at various places in Delhi since 2012. Then came to know about Gunjan IVF. Started treatment in October 2020. The treatment is going on and we are quite hopeful. Gunjan ma'am is a very good doctor who treated me well and the staff are also very good and helpful.
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